AIDS/HIV Victims Should be Treated With More Respect and Dignity :: essays research papers

support Victims Should be Treated With More Respect and DignityWhat would you do if someone you love gets give with HIV? Would you still treat them the identical way as before? This kind of question might not come into your mind but in fact, it can happen to anyone. The rate of pack who gets infected with HIV is increasing rapidly in our society (Cite). People who atomic number 18 HIV positive involve to struggle with their life, living by the day. They are faced with many problems such as scarcity of expensive medicine, dealing with emotional conflict and especially, discrimination. People often treat assist victims as if they have no feelings or emotions like other people. We should all support and encourage them to be strong because they are the ones who need it the most. They have already contracted the vicious disease and by discrimination, we will make them feel even worse. Imagine people staring at you like you are some kind of a stranger. I know exactly how it feels l ike because when I first came to Thailand, people looked at me as if something was wrong with me. One AIDS victim told me that before she was infected with HIV, she had a lot of friends. After she found out she was infected, all her friends slowly abandoned her. None of her friends were supportive or knew the true meaning of friendship. She had said to me, AIDS took away all the friends and people I cared for. Whenever she got close to someone, they would keep a distance from her. They were hostile towards her and treated her like she was something worthless and had no feelings. Put yourself in the shoes of an AIDS victim and you might understand how it feels to be one of them. I would say that AIDS victims are discriminated against and not treated with the respect they deserve. Aids victims should be treated with more respect in public places and accommodations. Many AIDS victims are being treated unequally in places such as the workplace, schools, restaurants, or public facilities . For example, schools do not accept anyone that is HIV positive. They are afraid of putting other students at risk. Also, if certain parents know that there is a student in school who has AIDS, they might protest against the school and might take their children out of the school.

Periodical Review Of Human Com :: essays research papers

This is a review of Human Communications Research (HCR) journal. It is published quarterly beginning in September (F either) and ending in June (Summer). The review being through with(p) is on Volume 22, which extends from September 1995 to June 1996. The journal takes a behavioral erudition perspective in its research of human communications. Research areas include Interpersonal, organizational, mass communication, methodology, information systems and persuasion. HCR is a periodical that recognizes that the world is constantly evolving and that communications research must do the said(prenominal) in indian lodge to develop a more clear understanding of the important issues and situational demands that are at hand. In maintaining this approach, HCR focuses on exploring new research areas as well as taking a more theoretical approach. They are also trying to acknowledge more international research studies. Methodologically speaking, they come along to remain open to possibilitie s and try to promote discussion through their acceptance of articles.The new senior editor Cindy Gallois, in her editorial best describes the general solicitude and intent of HCR. One of the main goals is to encourage diversity so that HCR will have something of interest for every reader. She also says that HCR is moving with a general move that is away from the databased research studies towards more theory-based research and rigorous interpretations of results. Although they are trying to increase the variety of topics, they are still maintaining a behavioral science approach to communications. Gallois also welcomes the expansion of methods on research and is a firm believer in the idea that a good researcher is one that is unresolved of choosing the approach and methodology that best fit the research question. It is also her belief that HCR will develop more of an international flavor because the present volume mark the first time it has been edited by a non-U.S. resident. Th is will allow for a greater recognition of the active communication research studies being done in many countries. Upon review of articles in HCR, I found quite few having similar topics. These included Communication in the workplace, persuasion, deception, and communication support systems. These topics all deal with important aspects of human communication and are consistent with what is trying to be achieved by HCR. The intent of this journal is to improve human communication in areas that it would be widely useful consistent with the changing world. By researching different perspectives of issues, HCR hopes to get a better understanding of what the obstacles have previously been in order to try and improve communication relationships.

The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Essay

The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich EngelsThe Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, outlines how a alliance should be run below communism. The document provides truths to what is wrong with society what causes these wrongs how they can be fixed and how this relates to humans and nature. Marx was a political philosopher of German ances cause. Marx and Engels split the document up into four sections member 1 Bourgeois and Proletarians, section 2 Proletarians and Communists, section 3 Socialists and Communist literature, and section 4 Positions of the Communists in relation to the Various Existing Opposition Parties. The starting section, Bourgeoisie and Proletarians, focuses on the struggle between the classes created in society. Marx refers back to the Middle Ages to show how complicated the class system was. In the Middle Ages, feudal lords, vassals, guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs(1) entirely made up different stratas of society. With all of these groups of different trades and economic stability, oppression was bound to happen. Society did not contain many groups and classes as in the nerve centre ages. Society was formed from two basic groups, the Bourgeoisie and Proletarians. The bourgeoisie was a class constructed of people who owned property. These people were the wealthier half of society. The proletarians were those of the lowest class of society. Marx discusses how the bourgeoisie came to be such a strong member of society. This happened through the occurrence of the Industrial Revolution. New machinery changed all of industrial production. With these new advances, Marx describes that the middle class was unmake and industrial millionaires resu... ...ss The fourth and final section, Positions of the Communists in relation to the Various Existing Opposition Parties, talks about how communists work with different parties. Marx describes their relationship by stating that they try to find parties that hold similar beliefs. Communists try to find parties that believe in power to the operative class and believe in the overthrowing of the bourgeoisie. Marx concludes by saying that the working class essential unite and use force to overcome oppressors. The Communist Manifesto, presents the basic beliefs of communism. Marx puts strong emphasis on the struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletarians. Marx believes that the proletarians must come together by recognizing that they are all alike and fight the bourgeoisie. Once this happens, then such oppressors will not hold down society as the bourgeoisie.

Free Essays - Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange :: Clockwork Orange Essays

Banned for social reasons in many conditions and in many school systems, Anthony Burgesss A Clockwork Orange  first seems to pierce the top dog with its bizarre linguistic orgy of debauchery, brutality, and sex, and for some, refuses to affect them above the level of pure voyeurism and bloodlust (either for reveling in it or despising it).  Sadism seems to twist the male protagonist his mind becomes alive(p) with brutal fantasies whilst listening to seemingly innocuous classical music ( There were vecks and ptitsas, both young and starry, lying on the ground screaming for mercy, and I was smecking all over my rot and grinding my boot in their litsos.).  Many arguments have been made about the censorship of this novella which glorifies sex and violence however, these elements are distinctly manipulated for plot development and character development, and ultimately, the story does pose a moral lesson.  By psychological definition, hatful affected with anti-social d isorder (also known as sociopaths or psychopaths) have incredible manipulation skills they also fail to conform to social norms, are deceitful and aggressive, and seek to destroy with little remorse.  Sex, cruelty, and dominance define part of anti-social behavior, and the odd near-antithesis of a hero, Alex, exists as the beloved psychopath in this cult story.  He vigorously goes on nightly rampages with his band of droogs after consuming bar moloko, tearing down what society has morally built and ripping holes into the reasoning of random citizens. Here, Burgess utilizes a unique method of writing by reservation the readers realize their affection for this teenage criminal, even in the midst of his violent perversions.  As stated in many other summaries and analogies of the book, the ethics derived from the book outflank around the topic of choice.  Is a person truly moral if their benevolence comes from forced conditioning as opposed to their personal choice f or compassion?  Does programmed decency towards people ultimately possess superiority over a natural psychosis?  It can be argued that programmed decency protects the happiness of the main population, but natural psychosis comes from the choice of the individual, and protects their happiness (if the psychosis served as a source of joy for the individual to begin with, not insanity that brings about manic-depression and whatnot).  Building the character of Alex to fully express the story and the questions the book leave behind eventually pose doubtlessly requires the use of savage raping, theft, and the vicious, bloody beatings administered to many common people these portions of A

marketing Essay -- essays research papers

Race and RacismRace and racism have been around since mankind made its first steps on the planet and it has brought upon violence, submissiveness, cruelty, and sexism into the world. A great representation of these themes and issues was brought by LeRoi Jones, who wrote The Dutchman. The play itself is a great representation of the relationships of races in the States during the 60s and can even been connected to todays society. The Dutchman mainly focuses on the black-white relationship but can also be worn to other cultures and races. I, myself, can also relate to what LeRoi Jones wrote in one way or another. Being a different culture and not being reli subject was the first faade of the States that I got to experience and even though things have changed for me, I do have resentful opinionings because some things just do not seem to change. LeRoi Jones made that clear because he wrote a play that can be related to events that are still happening today.The Dutchman is a fasting paced play that makes an amazing transition from scene one to scene two. After doing some reading online, it has been said that the play actually resembles the version of the Adam and eve story, where a white, insane, smart, and seducing woman prepares to kill a nave black man. Clay and Lula are the main characters on the train and they engage in an intriguing and discernment twisting display of word play. The play wants to steer the audience into a revolutionary thought process by proposing the idea of not being afraid, oppressed, and engagement back. The audience or readers feel stupid through the first act because Lula plays mind games and tries to bait Clay. LeRoi Jones did this on purpose because he wanted the audience to feel suspicious and stupid. He succeeds in this because Lula throws so much at the reader in act one that its almost impossible to even toil what she is saying.Clay is a twenty-year-old black man. Clay is a typical bourgeois black male and he seems to be v ery predictable that Lola is actually able to tell his history just by the way he acts and dresses. Clay is at first attracted to Lula who begins to flirt with him and invites herself to the party. But Clay is rather shocked by Lula because she is violent and racist. Even as she is behaving like that, he tries to keep his composure and maintain a certain ... ...se this play to educate others just by having soulfulness else read this. I read this and did not understand the meaning first but this does apply to todays society. LeRoi Jones wants underrepresented groups to be heard, especially when being pressured to conform or change by the dominant culture. I think America is great. It has given me an opportunity to start a new life after deviation the war in Bosnia. I did not know of many things that have happened here. The irony of it all is the cornerstone of the American history is freedom and equality. Yet, its so hard to think of everyone as equals. I just have a hard time gr asping why things can not change. I get a ache from Europe and things there are different. Yes, there is a lot of fighting, especially in my area of the world, but people appreciate each other more than than they do here in America. It will be a long time before America changes but its going to be a long journey simply because there are still ignorant people out there who will pass that ignorance on to their future generations. In my opinion, America should not be called a nation yet because its not even united on a level that is more important than anything else in the world.

marketing Essay -- essays research papers

Race and RacismRace and racism have been close to since mankind made its first steps on the planet and it has brought upon violence, submissiveness, cruelty, and sexism into the world. A great representation of these themes and issues was brought by LeRoi Jones, who wrote The Dutchman. The play itself is a great representation of the relationships of races in America during the 60s and can counterbalance been connected to todays society. The Dutchman mainly focuses on the black-white relationship but can also be drawn to new(prenominal) cultures and races. I, myself, can also relate to what LeRoi Jones wrote in one way or another. Being a different culture and not macrocosm accepted was the first faade of America that I got to experience and even though things have changed for me, I do have resentful feelings because some things hardly do not seem to change. LeRoi Jones made that clear because he wrote a play that can be related to events that are still happening today.The Dutc hman is a fast paced play that makes an amazing transition from scene one to scene two. After doing some reading online, it has been said that the play really resembles the version of the tenner and Eve story, where a white, insane, smart, and seducing woman prepares to kill a nave black man. Clay and Lula are the main characters on the train and they engage in an intriguing and mind twisting display of word play. The play wants to steer the interview into a revolutionary thought process by proposing the idea of not macrocosm afraid, oppressed, and fighting back. The audience or readers feel stupid through the first act because Lula plays mind games and tries to bait Clay. LeRoi Jones did this on purpose because he wanted the audience to feel suspicious and stupid. He succeeds in this because Lula throws so much at the reader in act one that its almost impossible to even comprehend what she is saying.Clay is a twenty-year-old black man. Clay is a typical bourgeois black male and he seems to be very predictable that Lola is actually able to tell his history just by the way he acts and dresses. Clay is at first attracted to Lula who begins to flirt with him and invites herself to the party. But Clay is rather take aback by Lula because she is violent and racist. Even as she is behaving like that, he tries to keep his composure and maintain a certain ... ...se this play to educate others just by having someone else read this. I read this and did not understand the meaning first but this does apply to todays society. LeRoi Jones wants underrepresented groups to be heard, especially when universe pressured to conform or change by the dominant culture. I think America is great. It has given me an opportunity to start a new life subsequently leaving the war in Bosnia. I did not know of many things that have happened here. The irony of it all is the cornerstone of the American history is freedom and equality. Yet, its so hard to think of everyone as equals. I j ust have a hard time grasping why things can not change. I come from Europe and things there are different. Yes, there is a lot of fighting, especially in my area of the world, but people appreciate each other more than they do here in America. It will be a long time before America changes but its going to be a long journey simply because there are still ignorant people out there who will pass that ignorance on to their future generations. In my opinion, America should not be called a nation yet because its not even united on a level that is more all-important(prenominal) than anything else in the world.

Privacy and Computer Technology Essay

Privacy is a valuable interest and is now threatened more than perpetually by technological advances. Privacy is defined as the ability to control the collection, use, and dissemination of personalised info (Fast Trac Course ). At adept time citizenry could once feel confident that what others may find forbidden well-nigh them would be treated in a way that it would probably do any harm. Information technology has been beneficial for solitude. By having entryway to ATMs and online banking we r arely contain to present ourselves to a secerner. Online shopping moroseers similar benefits such as being able to shop without standing in farsighted lines and being able to compare prices and research products before purchasing. However, since so much of what we do daily is done using a com defineer, it discount pose a serious threat to loneliness.This instruction can then be recreated to create detailed personal profiles that could not have transpired in pre-digital days. Furthermore, this information can be distri furthered far, wide, and immediately without our consent or even knowledge. Judicial remedies are unlikely to produce a satisfying or sensible balance between companies scotch prerogatives and customers privacy interest. New technologies that has either unconsiously adopted or resourcefully applied privacy practices bequeath continue to threaten personal privacy. Business lead have to find ways to address this uneasiness. If companies remain complacent, underestimating the degree to which privacy matters to customers, harsh regulation may be waiting in the wings. The best way out is for businesses and customers to negotiate directly over where to draw the lines. (What is Privacy?)There are many databases and Internet records that track or keep record of information nearly an individuals financial and credit history, medical record, purchases and telephone calls. Most mountain do not know what information is stored about them or who ha s access to it. The ability for others to access and link the databases, with few controls on how they use, share, or exploit the information, makes individual control over information about oneself more difficult than ever before. For example, the caller Id was originally designed to allow you to screen your calls and protect from receiving unwanted calls from harassers, telemarketers, etc In turn it involved privacy concerns for both the caller and the person called. all over the years, there has been a clash between privacy and advancing technologies, which can make a compelling argument for overriding the privacy intrusions.The challenge of change security while protecting privacy is called Real Id. The real ID act provides significant challenges. It was signed into law on May 11, 2005 (public law 109-13). After may 11, 2008 A federal agency may not accept, for any official purpose, a dirvers license or identification bill of fare issued by a secernate to any persin unless the arouse is meeting the requirements. The real ID act defines what information and features must appear on the card, what documentation must be presented before a card can be issued, what verification the state must do before a card can be issued, and security mea trusteds to prevent tampering counterfeiting and duplication of the card. The Real Id requires states to confirm the identities and documentation of applicants, Make drivers licence and ID cards extremely difficult to counterfiet, and to assure one driver one record so that you will be able to own only one licence which only go for people that has mutliple addresses .The Real Id Act is really the outgrowth of the 911 commision reccomended that the licence be improved and it should be a national standard. Represenative James Sensenbrenner (R-Wis) who was the cahir of the house judiciary committee said American citizens have the right to know who is in their country, that people are who they say they are , and the name on a drivers licence is the holders real name, not som alias. Historically the licence has been a state function so the act tailors the mandate that you must present this identification.The challlenges comes from the act because the real ID act was written by Congress without expressing privacy protections. Some of the privacy challenges are what information should be stored in the machine readanble zone?, who should have access to the information stored in the machine readable zone?, and what information, if any will be centralized in order to facilitate the necessary data exchange among the state?. I feel that there should be some limitations on the information stored in the readable zone and the data systems protect the personal information from unauthorized uses and disclosure.Information about individuals is used by businesses to provide customers with a huge array of targeted goods and personalized services that consumers have come to expect. If it lands in the wrong hands, this same information can result in harm to the genuinely individuals it was meant to serve. The protection of an individuals personal information has business implications that extend beyond the privacy of any one individual. Private information relative to authentic businesses and industries is defend by various laws. For example the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) laws protect private medical information. Many states have enacted their own laws, and the federal government is regulated by the Privacy Act of 1974. Legislatures are increasingly responding to calls for greater protection of private information, and stories of improper disclosures of large volumes of private information determine prominent media attention.At present, there is no broad, general federal law protecting the privacy of customer information most protections are aimed at grouchy types of information (such as medical or student records,) or particular types of businesses (such as medical providers, banks, and financial service businesses). Customers and consumers expect their information to be protected and businesses that recognize the need to make privacy part of their business strategy are ahead of the game. Many companies have gone to great lengths to protect information using technological advances. However, the ability of a business to protect private information it collects as part of its business is only as strong as its weakest link the human factor something that technology just cant overcome. Having knowledge of privacy and security should be aimed at individuals who work with private information to help understand the ways that this information can be disclosed inadvertently.We are now moving into an era where there will always be a digital observer. Unlike footprints left in the sand, our online data trails often stick around long after the tide has gone out and they are growing rapidly. Digital footprints are trails of information left by a per sons interaction in the digital environment (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_footprint). They existed since day one or even before you were born. Internet users dont realize that e very time they use the internet they leave digital footprints.This includes massive amounts of data in the form of email, documents, images, games, music, apps, movies, login and logouts, visits to a web-page, accessed or created files, chat messages or any other material showing the activities being done on a website. What people dont understand is when you try to reduce your digital footprint you actually make it larger. When trying to reduce your digital footprints interested parties can lighten use data they have found for evidence, data mining or profiling purposes. This doesnt mean that you cant try to protect yourself but you should take precautions when accessing or posting personal information on websites. People need to be proactive and take control of their digital footprint.Due to change magni tude utilization of social media, we should have a heighted awareness of privacy. Being aware of what personally identifiable information that is included in your online profile is very important. Publicy undecided private information on the web can also be used to steal your idenity and money. With more employers using the internet to find out about their current or potential new employees, it is good to know in advance what information is floating around the internet about you. You should only put PII in your profile that you wouldnt mind the entire world including potential or current employers to view. For example, you can find this out by searching for yourself in Google to see what comes up. Also, be wary of strangers. People can misrepresent themselves and their motives so when posting on any social media website it is good to limit who is allowed to contact you and what you tell strangers with whom you communicate with (U.S. Department of State Privacy Tips).Privacy is so i mportant not just to my online presence but also to my financial documents. Financial privacy is a another term for a multitude of privacy issues, ranging from financial institutions ensuring that their customers information remain private to those outside the institution as well as individuals ensuring that they are protecting their privacy in the privacy of their homes. These documents can be protected by guarding your social security matter, calling carefully, and cleaning your name off call lists. Unless you are paying your income taxes, you shouldnt place your social security number on checks and dont keep your number in your wallet. A stolen or lost wallet with your social security number can make it easy for someone to obtain new credit in your name. An 800 number is a convenient cost saver, but not if the company you call isnt reputable. Your call can be the electronic source for undesirable allure lists or cause fraud by giving out your credit card number to someone who m isuses it.You can ask companies you buy from not to rout your name to others. You can also have your name eliminated from mass mailing lists by writing to the Direct Marketing Association. Protecting your financial privacy is something that shouldnt be taken lightly. The fair credit reporting act guarantees access to your credit report for free. If you at anytime feel your credit has been compromised you should visit the Federal handicraft Commissions website. (How to Deal with a Security Breach) In summary, There are many threats to privacy but there are ways you can prevent compromise by criminals and by privacy invading infestations. There are many things you can do to increase to increase your privacy curiously online. Protecting your privacy online requires keeping your computer safe from many types of online dangers. Some of the ways to prevent online dangers are making sure the sites you vist is safe beofre sharing personal information.This incluses your real name, email a ddress, credit card number, etc.The next way is to make sure your online account is properly configured for ideal privacy protection. This includes making sure to use a password that are hard to break. The next way is to protect wireless union from dangers or intrusions. When connecting to the internet via a wireless connection make sure that you re suing a protected password. The next way is to remove yourself from search databases. This can be done by sending a email through a reputable website such as private eye, 123people.com, or intelius.com. Another way is by increasing the privacy of your browser. This a very important part of protecting your online privacy but it also secures your computer against malware and other threats. Lastly, use a temporary credit card number that is relate to your financial account but is only valid for single or limited transactions.Bibliography(Wikipedia, pg 1)en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_footprintFast Trac CourseHow to Deal with a Security Bre achThe terce Basic Forms of Business OwnershipWhat is Privacy?

Mussolini’s Childhood Influences Essay

Four factors stand out in the wee formation of Mussolinis character. These are the influence of his native reduce Romagna which was characterized by restlessness and rebellion his puzzles ideologies, an ardent socialist, a convinced revolutionary, an atheist and a blacksmith his middle class heritage and the influences of his mother who was a devout gentle Catholic and the poverty of individuals that surrounded him (Fermi, 1966). These factors influenced the life of Mussolini to a greater degree, shaping what he was to become in future.Mussolinis father was an Copernican influence in his life as he went with him to political meetings while Mussolini was still a young boy. His father was committed to socialism even though he lacked in formal instruction. His father was often considered dangerous by the local authorities and was thrown to tuck in in several occasions owe to his political rulings. Mussolinis life came to resemble that of his father to a great extent as he came to adopt the same kind of radicalism that his father exhibited. However, on that point are other personal attributes and events that as well had a significant influence upon his life.From the moment that he was taken to school, Mussolini had numerous experiences that played a large character in shaping his life. It is these factors that form the subject of this composition publisher. Before look at how the mentioned influences manifested in Mussolinis after life, it is crucial to dedicate some portion of this paper in looking at his life from his childhood through to adulthood. Not many people liked Mussolini when he was a young boy because of his carmine behavior. His family was also not well off, a factor that do his life in school to be difficult.These two aspects of Mussolinis childhood life, poverty and craze, made him to be secluded from other pupils. He was hated by both his fellow pupils and teachers in school. He was often teased by his fellow students because they motto him as a poor boy. His violent nature might have come as a reaction to the way he was being treated by his fellow pupils and teachers. He could be reminded every twenty-four hours that he was not as good as other pupils. In one occasion when some other boy came to insult him, he t overage himself that he was not going to stomach the insults anymore. He reminded himself that he was no longer going to be a confused victim.He got a knife from his pocket and stabbed the boy in the hand. These instances of violence point to the fact that Mussolini was developing a rebellious attitude towards the society which manifested later in his writings as a journalist. Mussolini was often involved in fights and even bullied other pupils. This behavior led him to be suspended in numerous occasions. It is at this stage that indications about his character begun to emerge. In reaction to the incident where he stabbed another student, one of the teachers told him that his soul was as black as soot, a remark which time came to confirm.The incident where he stabbed a fellow student had a profound effect in his life. Even though he was penalize for stabbing the boy, Mussolini never forgot the experience which also came to influence the way he handled situations as an adult. One of the lessons he learned from the experience was that he had to stand for himself. In other words, he had to fight against all odds. Throughout Mussolinis life, there is evidence that he was willing to fight for anything, going to the extent of embracing violence as the only way through which any remarkable change can be realized (Ridley, 1998).Mussolini did not seek the approval from anyone. He believed that others were margin to say he was wrong even if he was right. As he grew up, Mussolini scribbled upon his mind the justification of violence and fighting as a means to success. These were lessons that he came to employ for the rest of his life. This willingness to fight for anything that he wa nted helped him achieve various things. Later in life, he was to become Italys dictator. He also came to be one of the most powerful personalities in the world through his radicalism and sometimes violence. Through these lessons that he learned, he also hurt many innocent victims.With the ontogeny of his power came the growth of the number of individuals being harmed by him. Finally, as stated by one of his teachers, his soul grew as black as soot and lots of the world came to curse him because of his lack of compassion. Environmental influence One of the most important influences that shaped the character and behavior of Mussolini was the village he was born. Its social, political and economic conditions influenced Mussolinis perception of life. Mussolini was born on twenty ninth July, 1883 in Varano di Costa, a small Northern Italian village situated in the dominion of Predappio.The most important industry was agriculture. During the time of his birth, Italy was still at its in fancy. The Italian peninsular had been fragmented into many small kingdoms and city-states for centuries. Some areas of the peninsular were under the promise of foreign kings and Roman Catholic pope. As such, the region was not being controlled by a single leader. However, the city-states united during the mid-nineteenth century, driving out the foreign rulers and fetching over the territories controlled by the pope. A unified kingdom was born in 1861. Industrial revolution also brought about remarkable changes in Italy.Not far-off from the town that Mussolini was born, large factories begun to be established. With the opening of these factories, many peasants who in most cases worked for low wages for rich land owners abandoned their difficult labor and took jobs in the factories. However, many individuals begun to advocate for more rights and among them were Mussolinis parents. Mussolinis father was a blacksmith while his mother was a schoolteacher. Alessandro Mussolini and Ros a Maltoni were not rich individuals even though they were considerably respected in their community.Alessandro took an active role in the local administration. He was a socialist who never failed to express his controversial attitudes. The general belief among the Italian socialists like Benitos father was that the control of the manufacture of goods was to be in the hands of the government. As such, they held that the government should own the factories where goods were being manufactured. They also held the view that the society should be under the workers and not the wealthy company owners. Again, they wanted better working conditions.Alessandro named his son after three socialist heroes a Mexican revolutionary called Benito Juarez, Amilcare Cipriani who facilitated the unity of Rome with the rest of Italy and Andrea Costa who took an active role in organizing socialist riots and strikes in the later parts of the nineteenth century. Mussolinis father served in the local politic s for quite some time but he often got into trouble due to his politics. He had an unstable temper which showed whenever he disagreed with someone. After the beginning of socialist riots in 1902, Mussolinis father was arrested and jailed even though he never participated in it.Mussolinis parents valued education and by the time he was nine, he was sent to a boarding school in a neighboring town. During school, students fagged all their time in school. Since the school was a catholic school, there were very strict rules enforced by the catholic priests. His experience with the priests in this school made him to form a negative perception about them as evidenced by later works. Benito did not perform well either in character or in academics. He was a very intelligent but restless and unmotivated.He only put effort on those subjects that he found to be enkindle to him and was more often than not involved with fights. By the time he was eleven historic period of age, he was expelled from school. After his expulsion from the Catholic school, he was registered in a state school at Forlimpopoli. There were no priests in this school and some of Mussolinis classmates were sons of teachers. As such, he was more comfortable in this school than he was at the Catholic school. However, he was still involved in fights, exhibiting his violent nature even in the new environment.His academic process was better as compared to when he was still in the school run by the priests. He managed to pass the exams necessary for admission in college. He get together Collegio Giosue Carducci in Forlimpopoli where he studied agricultural sciences, mathematics and other disciplines. His favorite subjects were however arts. He performed well in literature and enjoyed music. He later detect that he was talented in mother tongue writing and giving. In 1901, he graduated with a diploma which enabled him to secure a place as a teacher in an elementary school.It was during his last year in college that he got his first public recognition. He was requested to make a public speech before his entire school about Verdi. Mussolini enjoyed lessons about the Roman Empire and admired it greatly. He frustrated his teachers due to his laziness and lack of discipline. He also frightened his peers. By the time he graduated, he had developed a strong personality and loathed his humble origin. He also became an instinctive socialist. His poor context made him to try and distance himself from poverty but the circumstances could not allow him to make any progress.Like many other graduates during the time, Mussolini found himself looking for work. He got employed as a schoolmaster in February 1902 in a small elementary school. He however developed problems from the first day as he despised textbooks. He felt that they made it hard for him to inspire his students. The townspeople thought that he interacted with the students excessively while others remarked that he spent much of his l eisure time drinking and playing cards. Mussolini probably secured the job owing to the fact that the local socialist councilors were more impressed with his brand of politics than that of the other candidates.He however regarded his employers lowly, seeing them as weak and flabby (Neville, 2004). Mussolini was too restless to find happiness being a provincial schoolmaster. As much as he did not earn enough money, Mussolini did not stay away from playing cards and getting involved in political discussions. He got into serious trouble when he begun dating a married woman. The relationship was marked with problems which at times led to violence. Mussolini had established the behavior of blustering(a) and abusing women early in his childhood.In one instance during an argument, Mussolini picked a knife and stabbed the woman in the arm. He was told by the administrators that he would not be hire again due to his conduct. In March 1902, Mussolini was elected by the local teachers associ ation, marking the beginning of his politics. He was elected to represent the members at an educational congress. He managed to impress with his flexibility despite his wild and aggressive behavior. This covered for his moral and intellectual weakness. He was not satisfied with his success Mussolini was eighteen years old by the beginning of the 1902 summer.By the standards of the time, he was well educated, smart and was fluent in speech. He had an interest in politics and poetry and generally love having a good time. However, Mussolini was never satisfied and was constantly restless. He was not certain of what he wanted to do with his future as there were scrimpy opportunities for people of his age and academic achievement in the rural parts of Italy. Many individuals shared inn this feeling. More than a million Italians emigrated between the years 1896 and 1914 with the majority seeking better opportunities in the United States of America.However, Mussolini opted to go northward s to Switzerland where he managed to further his education. The Italian law required that whenever an individual reached the age of nineteen, he was to be conscripted in the army. Mussolini might have avoided the draft by moving to Switzerland. He was also seeking for adventure. He also could not avoid difference Gualtieri since he had been involved in a violent conflict with the local mayor which had also forced him to live the school. Mussolinis move to Switzerland marked an important moment in his life.He did not change his mind about leaving even when he was informed of his fathers arrest as he waited for a train for Switzerland. His mother had given him some money to survive on but the money was soon spent living Mussolini broke. He was forced to perform hard and physical jobs which he did not like. He also took some other odd jobs and at times begged and slept on approximate range benches when he did not have any money. He eventually realized that he could earn some money wr iting. He wrote for a socialist newspaper but often found himself on the wrong side of the law owing to his socialist views and his poverty.In numerous instances, he was arrested, thrown in jail and banned from one town to another. He however depended on his writing entirely. The contents of his writing were radical in the sense that it criticized the existing society and advocated for change. He constantly urged for the kings to be overthrown. He also criticized the Catholic Church as he believed that the priests and the bishops obstructed reform and justice. Mussolinis radicalism and anti-clericalism were as a result of his early life and experiences.

Illustrate the case for reading the poem as (in part) a study in becoming Roman Essay

To some(prenominal) modern and ancient readers alike perhaps one(a) fundament of the Aeneid has generally been perceived most strongly, that of the poems glorification and aetiological justification of the values and society of the Imperial Rome in which its poet, Vergil, lived. In ancestry to the Hesiodic concept of the decline of society from a bygone Golden Age, Vergil implicitly argues in the Aeneid for the constant evolution of society as having produced in Rome the real pinnacle of civilisation.However, this does not mean that his view is universally rose-tinted Vergil, to a fault, manages to portray the pathos of those who glide by their lives for this eradicate (e.g. the self-sacrifices of Dido in record bulk IV and Nisus and Euryalus in book IX at whose plight Vergil says siquid mea carmina possunt, nulla dies umquam memori vos eximet aevo1). Like Augustus, Vergil t annihilates to relate the infix to mos maiorum, so that innovation is given the guise of conservatis m (as Rome was, by and by all, a generally standpat(prenominal) society). In this essay, I shall discuss the ways in which the poem expresses the development of such a Roman identity.From the outset the poem explains that Aeneas struggles (with which we are first met) are not in vain his descendants are, famously, to obtain imperium sine fine, in the words of Jupiter (1.277). By book XII, that goal is within clear sight. The fact that the all-powerful father of the gods programmatically and teleologically tells of such future greatness so early in the poem gives the reader no option but to focus subsequently on how Aeneas achieves this fated goal. Vergil tends not to involve the gods as directly in the narrative of human affairs as does Homer, but uses them to great effect symbolically and to give such weighty pronouncements.Another programmatic feature of the first book involves its vehemence on kingship to give just two examples, at line 265 we are told, by Jupiter, that Aen eas will reign over Latium and he is soon after described as king of the fugitive Trojans by Ilioneus (544). Dido is termed regina el still times in book I.2 This may not be particularly surprising considering that kingship was the usanceal form of regulatement in epic poetry and the heroic area, but such emphasis could be said not only to foresee the supreme power of Augustus (though he did not, due to the negative connotations, style himself as rex or dictator) but also to legitimise it. Augustus may be seen as a benevolent dictator in the mould of Hellenistic kings.To become truly Roman it follows that Aeneas must, equally, become less(prenominal) Trojan, and we can see this process occurring in the poem. Due to the high esteem of Homers epics (and the relative paucity of other accounts), the Trojan world is, for both Vergil and ourselves, a predominantly Homeric one accordingly, some critics have seen in the poem of a gradual rejection of Homeric values. For example, the Aene as that we see in book II can be said to be rash, implusive, brave and seeking when all is lost the glorious death3 all perfectly Achillean attributes, which, one could argue, soft recede as the poem progresses.In the second half of the poem (i.e. the Iliadic half), Turnus is a clear foil to Aeneas (n.b. his bellicose words to Pandarus at the end of book IX You will soon be able to tell Priam that here similarly you found an Achilles). The Roman way of animateness involves, arguably, a assent on debate and compromise more than the manliness and aggression of Homeric heroes. However, this analysis cannot be treated too simplistically as there are points, even towards the poems dnouement, where Aeneas is just as ruthless and cold as ever for example, at many points during book X he rejects pleas for gentleness and jeers at those who are on the point of death.Anchises prophetic statement in the underworld of book VI has, also, been seen by critics as important in covering both us and Aeneas how to become Roman, whilst also sanctioning the power of the Roman stateYour task, Roman, and do not forget it, will be to govern the peoples of the world in your empire. These will be your humanities and to impose a settled pattern upon peace, to pardon the defeated and war down the proud.(6.851-3)It is important to agate line the context, for Aeneas is now starting to act very much like the good king, by acting in accordance with the gods when he leads his men to the Sibyl whilst in the underworld, Aeneas sees a number of his descendants and successors, many of whom are rulers, and by doing so his right to rule is implicitly confirmed. The speech of Anchises, however, sets Rome within a firm tradition it was well accepted by many Romans that Greek culture was superior in many respects. If we look at the lines above in which Anchises mentions the Greek arts of sculpture, oratory and astronomy, he can surely be said to define Rome against Greece by tacitly accepting their superiority in these realms, but he implies that the arts of Rome, the arts of peace and war, are what really matter.Though this may seem like an exceptionally aggressive mission, the consummation to which clemency (a famous justice of Augustus) and ultimate peace are emphasised must be noted. In the light of these ideals, Aeneas Achillean anger towards Turnus seems in this light disturbing.4 Perhaps the ideals are too idealistic to reflect reality truly. However, whether they were actually achieved or not, the ideals seem to have been held dearly in historical Rome, if we read what Claudian wrote (albeit with some degree of bias) four centuries after the time of AugustusThis is the only nation which has received conquered people in her embrace, and protected the human race under a common name like a mother not a tyrant, has called those whom she defeated her citizens, and has united the distant parts of the world in a bond of affection for her.5One has to consider, however, that Roman rodomontade is often tempered in the poem. The many Trojan deaths throughout the poem are often glorified to emphasize the individual sacrifice for the communal goal. For example, Vergils apostrophe to Lausus harsh deaths misfortune and your noble deeds I shall not indeed leave unsung, nor you, O unforgettable youth.6 such(prenominal) apostrophes seem to be establish upon formulae deriving from Homeric invocations of the Muse, however, which might imply that the sentiment is not so personal as it seems.7 Dido, too, is seen as merely some other obstacle which needs to be overcome for Rome to flourish (though she is repeatedly described, perhaps in Vergils own voice, as pitiable). Indeed, in one startling way she could be said to resemble a disgraced Homeric warrior she falls on her own sword. Aeneas escape from her thus further represents his call back from Homeric values. To look at one final such death, the final two lines of the poem focus on the death of TurnusThe limbs of Turnus were disolved in cold and his life left him with a groan, fleeing in anger down to the shades.(12.951-2)The coldness of Turnus body may recall in our minds the first storm scene in which we execute Aeneas at sea, and may reiterate the degree to which Aeneas has reversed his despair (turning it into the despair of his main adversary). These lines thus emphasize both the pathos of the death and the certainty of Aeneas victory. It recalls, and is based upon, Homer, i.e. the deaths of both Hector and Patroclus (Iliad 16.857 & 22.363).8 The sadness of his death is thereby emphasised, since he is equated with such heroes on either side of the Trojan war. His death was a natural end to the poem (though perhaps an unnatural end for him).It may now be useful to look closely at a part of the poem that is, undoubtedly, flavor forward to Rome perhaps more explicitly than any other the ecphrasis towards the end of book VIII (626-728) focusing on the shield of Aeneas wrought fo r him by Vulcan as a foresight of the coming Roman glory. However, the crucial intertext on which this scene was modelled is that of the ecphrasis on Achilles shield at Iliad 18.478ff, so Vergil is still using a Homeric model to emphasise Romes greatness Greek epic has such gravitas as a genre that, if Rome is to be such a towering civilisation, Roman epic needs to look back to its Greek antecedent. Indeed, in Homer Achilles has a desperate need for virgin armour (with the loss of his own after the killing of Patroclus), whereas it seems that Vergil includes this scene merely to show before the full-scale fighting begins, what is to be achieved by it.9 The final, and (both literally and symbolically) central, scene of the shield shows Augustus celebrations after the battle of Actium (31 BC) in which he gained imperium from M. Antonius. Indeed, the shield itself is reminiscent of the shield that was hung in the Curia to commemorate Augustus virtues in 27 BC such virtues (i.e. virtus , clementia, iustitia and pietas) surely apply equally to the Roman imperator and Aeneas (especially pietas, since Aeneas pietas was proverbial and pius is a common epithet applied to him throughout the poem). The two men are poetically conflated, thereby giving heroic prestige to the emperor.Most pertinent, however, is that the scene shows numerous and various peoples of the earth (e.g. Nomads, Scythian Gelonians, Gaulish Morini etc.) offering Augustus gifts the implication is understandably that virtually everyone throughout the world is universally thankful for the arrival of pax Romana. The message is not quite so clear-cut and confident, however, since the theme of war is also almost always present in this vignette. Quite obviously, the theme of war is apt both for the Shield as a martial instrument and for the circumstances of its delivery,10 however, it moreover emphasizes the extent to which Roman peace relies upon the willingness to fight, however counter-intuitive that mig ht seem. Virgil is certainly patriotic, but he nevertheless neither shies from or tries to obscure the realities of the early-Imperial political situation.In conclusion, the Aeneid can clearly be seen as a study in becoming Roman. Aeneas divine mission is reiterated throughout the poem with increasing intensity, especially throughout religious symbolization and prophecy Aeneas is well aware that he must become Roman. The poem appears to move towards Roman values as it progresses, values such as pietas and clementia, in the face of Homeric impulses and aggression. However, such an analysis needs to be tempered most notably because of such incidents as Aeneas rage against and murder of Turnus when he sees him clothing Pallas sword belt.Moreover, the poem continuously looks forward to a Rome to come, especially the Augustan Rome of Vergils era. Some have seen the poem as a mere propaganda piece, but it is clear that Vergils implicit praise for the Augustan rgime is sophisticated and not blind to the woes of war and those who are killed to brighten way for the Roman superpower to use the phrase of the Aeneid, sunt lacrimae rerum. Through imitation (and innovation), Vergil also looks back to Homer. Perhaps the best summary of the message of the Aeneid is given by the ancient commentator Servius Virgils intention is to imitate Homer and to praise Augustus by means of his ancestors.11 Vergil may, ultimately, have succeeded in his aim, when we consider that the poem was considered a seminal text in Roman civilisation and acquaintance with the poem was a primary method of teaching ancient children not only Latin but also the Roman way of life.BibliographyCairns, F. (1989). Virgils Augustan Epic. Cambridge.Hardie, P.R. (1986). Virgils Aeneid Cosmos and Imperium. Oxford.Lyne, R.O.A.M. (1987). Further Voices in Vergils Aeneid. Oxford.Williams, R.D. (1985). The Aeneid of Virgil A Commentary. London.Williams, R.D. (1990). The Purpose of the Aeneid in Oxford Readings in V ergils Aeneid (ed. S.J. Harrison), Oxford.1 Aeneid 9.446-7.2 Cairns (1989), 2.3 Williams (1990), 28.4 Lyne (1987), 112.5 Cairns (1989), 205. (De Consolatu Stilichonis, 3.150-3.)6 Aeneid 10.791-3.7 Lyne (1987), 235.8 Lyne (1987), 135-6.9 Williams (1985), 90.10 Hardie (1986), 347.11 Williams (1990), 21.

How Managerial Accounting Can Help Managers

Assignment 2 Creating, Financing, and Marketing a Business Shamika Ward Professor Roderick D. Thomas Introduction to Business celestial latitude 2, 2012 Identify the pros and cons of the partnership as a form of ownership. Partnership is one of most common forms of trade. There argon m some(prenominal) advantages to business partnership as well as a few disadvantages. One advantage is that a partnership is easy to establish. This can be established through verbal contract or through a contact. Another advantage is the ability to pool fiscal re authors.The more capital a company has the faster they are able-bodied to grow their business. Partnerships lessen the burden on the individual running the business. Since more than one party is in charge responsibilities can be divided amongst distributively person. By dividing the task they can use their skills to the best advantage. The pass-through tax treatment is one of the most beneficial advantages of forming a partnership. With the pass-through there is no taxation to the business itself all in obtain, deductions, and credits, pass through to the individual partners and are reported on their individual tax returns. eyepatch the advantages of a partnership seem like the perfect counselling to start a business there are disadvantages. In a partnership you are not only responsible for the errors and misjudgments that you make but too for your partners. Both parties are equally responsible for the debt and obligations of the business. Like any other relationships, partnerships also gather in disagreements. Disagreements amongst partners can create bad turmoil and retard the cooperation needed to keep the business focus. Disagreements can also lead to one of the partners wishing to withdraw from the partnership.This can cause insecurity about how long a business will stay operational. Lastly, a partner that extracts from a partnership is still held accountable for any debts or obligations the company had at th e time of withdrawal. deal funding options for grim businesses. The top task for any small business is trying to determine how to successfully fund their business. The most common used source is personal resources. This not only your own notes but often is asking friends and family members, and credit cards.When borrowing from friends and family it is important that you disclose that it would be a financial risk they are taking by giving you the money and if your business doesnt succeed they might not get the money back. While use credit cards might seem like a great option they are also a highly risky support option. While credit cards provide fast and flexible money they can also cause a huge amount of debt. Interest rates and financing fees can add up fast if the money isnt paid back quickly to credit card companies.While many people have an assumption that getting a loan from a bank is a fairly easy process they are often discover they were incorrect. Commercial loans are harder to come by due to banks and other lenders being tentative to fund a company that doesnt have a reputation. Only 20% percent of small business owners launch with commercial loans due to a share of paper work required to fill out the loan and an extensive waiting period. If considering loans, a great source for small business would be the U. S.Small Business Administration also known as SBA. While the SBA doesnt provide free money to start-up businesses they do somewhat guarantee loans from local commercial lenders. The SBA reduces the risk for the lender or bank, which makes the banks further willing to grant loans to small business owners. Angel investors are another source of funding. Angels are wealthy people that invest in promising start-up companies in order to make money for themselves. Angels are considered one of the oldest capitals for a start-up.Very few companies receive capital from angels but for the right small business the funds from an angel can seal the gap b etween the money they have gotten from friends and family and the peril capital that a small business is trying to attract. When looking to expand on a larger scale some companies turn to venture capital firms. Venture capital firms fund companies in exchange for of ownership in the company. Only a small fraction of new business receives any venture capital money. Determine and discuss how managerial accounting can help managers with product costing, incremental analysis, and budgeting.

Critical Analysis of Dramatic Irony in Hamlet

Critical Analysis of Dramatic Irony in village Ophelia loves Hamlet although we believe he doesnt feel the comparable way towards her by the way he treats her at certain times in the play, but he truly in the end does show he loved Ophelia. This incident manipulates audience sympathies, develops image and develops the conflict of the play. It manipulates the audience sympathies because its showing something that the audience has probably seen in reality.When theres an incident alike this occurring in real life, people will feel sad because of the negative things that are happening to a person. In this incident, the audience knows that shes been falling for Hamlet, and even-tempered the audience would prefer seeing the best outcome happen to Ophelia, though the audience knows the reason for it to not happen, therefore the audience sympathies become manipulated. This incident develops the character because by Hamlet not feeling the way she does towards him, it gives the audience a n insight on how Hamlet feels about women.In this case, the audience can see that Hamlets disgust of his mothers sudden marriage makes him become an antagonist towards women. He thinks theyre all alike, easy to persuade like his mother was persuaded by his uncle and in haste too. It develops the conflict of the play because throughout the play, a new negative feeling of Hamlets, always becomes expressed, and follows one after another. It builds on to the play, which makes Hamlet say later on, to be or not to be. Each time Hamlet feels bad the much he doesnt value his life and the more he feels like being dead. In conclusion, this is how the incident has an affect. It does so many things to the play, like how it brings out a character, how it reaches out to an audience, and how it builds on the conflict. This incident is one of crucial parts of the play because without it, we may not see Hamlet the way we see it now.

Current evidence based approaches for children’s behaviour Essay

Identify and explain current evidence based approaches to understanding children and young packs behaviourEvidence-based convention (EBP) is the integration of best research evidence with practice expertise and the values of service social occasionrs and carers. Firstly, when looking at best practice strategies in our setting it is evident that a number of theorists devour had much impact on how we interact and engage children in their learning and stupefyment. Theorists focused on cognitive development much(prenominal) as Piaget and Vygotsky stressed the importance of the social environment in helping children realise their potential. Whilst behaviourists like Skinner believed that children learn/develop through consequences and reinforcements after an initial behaviour. Other theorists, like Freud and Maslow, examined the influence of personality and motivation as factors that influence our behaviour. Bandura further highlighted the value of social interactions.These studies and research have helped shape and model much of how we operate in the support we give children in their development and learning. EBP in infant, toddler, and beforehand(predicate) childhood psychology has the potential to purify the health of an increasingly diverse community by focusing on the needs of the youngest, most vulnerable members of society and the families charged with their care and nurturance. Although infant and early childhood psychology may seem like a narrow and specific area, evidence-based practice with young children and their families is vitally important, considering the broad implications for future long and short developmental outcomes There are many specific reasons for school psychologists current interest in infants, toddlers, and young children. For example, Premature and low birth weight (LBW) infants, peculiarly very low birth weight ( 1500 grams), present unique challenges for early intervention since LBW is often a precursor for a myriad of deve lopmental, medical, sensory, and learning difficulties.We use observations and next steps within my setting as evidence based approach to understanding a childs behaviour. Using evidence seen such as a child gets unsettled with transitions during the daily routine how can we usethis evidence to best plan for the child. I.e. in future give pull ahead warning to any changes in the routine and offer support and comfort at times they find difficult thus the child growing in confidence. As a practitioner we apply knowledge to a situation that has been previously researched which allows us to make a well informed decision about future actions. Every day practise can be influenced by what we have learnt or found out from research, media, and colleagues. Professional practise is keeping up to date with these findings and using them to deliver best practise (using evidence and findings).Within my setting we also understand and respect the importance of all agencies communicating and sha re-out information and evidence to see the whole child using this evidence to shape our practise and how we plan between each other for the best of the child.

Advanced Maternal Age

Women in the United States ar experiencing unprecedented opportunities to pursue education and professional c beers. One authority down side to this situation is that women find themselves putting off start signal a family until they complete their education and feel comfortable in their employment. In many cases this can extend into the womanhoods late 30s or even early 40s. Advanced maternal grow whitethorn also have negative effects on cornucopia and the outcomes of a successful pregnancy. Considering all the factors, a woman should consider putting off starting a family and build a career as colossal as she has educated herself on all the risks of advanced maternal get along with.For years, women have been under the arrogance that as long as they were bearing children under the age of 35, fertility and child mortality were at a minimum. Recent studies have shown that this assumption is furthest from the truth and may eliminate childbearing for those women who wait int o their late 30s and early 40s to start having children. Education for women by gynecologists and obstetricians has been poor and most women are . . . surprisedeven shockedto learn that fertility begins to fall in their late 20s (Hatcher, 2002). closely women are purpose out too late that they have simply put off having children too long and are now unable to bear children without intervention. Fertility treatments are an expensive option, but are only available to those that can afford the treatments that insurance does not cover.Pregnancies that do occur at advanced maternal age have lower success rates. increase maternal age, typically over the age of 35, carries steeper chances of miscarriage higher increases in pregnancy complications like high blood pressure, diabetes, and placental problems and increased chance of having a child with a chromosomal disorder (Childrens Specialist, 2007). The good news is that medical advances in antepartum and perinatal care have diminished the effects that many of these complications have on pregnancies at advanced maternal age. Safe pregnancies after the age of 35 are occurring at much higher rates with advanced blood testing and ultrasounds that discontinue early detection and treatment of potential problems.For many fresh women, pursuing education and professional careers are the norm. More women than ever in history are pursuing careers, not just jobs that add extra income. Most career paths take years to build in order to reach the top of success. The drive to achieve and succeed has pushed many women toward putting off starting a family till their careers are firmly on track. With medical care helping to make child bearing in later years safer, women are choosing to put careers before family. There are many advantages for women to wait to start a familyFinancial stability Relationship stability Increased maturity Increased life experiences Larger support networks Better education Although these advantages may be present for a younger mother, the chance of a woman having all the advantages increases with age. These advantages allow the mother to provide the best possible start for the child and to be the best mother she has the potential to be.The predicament remains that when women take themselves out of the custody to bear a child, a disadvantage occurs when compared to male counterparts. An argument can be made that a woman with an established career and older age may have a better chance of regaining status once she returns to work due to her previous proven results and successes. A younger woman just starting out in a career and taking a leave of absence to bear a child will not have a consistent track record to fall back on once she returns to work. The advantage that an advance maternal age woman has may be the difference between a successful return to a career rather than being passed over for those who are not choosing to bear children. The dilemma to put off childbearing loom s large for many career women and must be considered along with the risks of advanced maternal age.There is hope for women who choose to honor twain children and careers. Proper education, healthy lifestyles, current medical advances, and pure determination help women of advanced maternal age have the balanced lives they desire. While it is true that fertility declines in the late 20s and that . . . women perform best at childbearing when they are young. . . (Gosden, 1995), these factors should not be the only consideration when choosing between careers and families. For reasons stable far from clear, human evolution has allowed the female reproductive system to age faster than other body parts (Gosden, 1995). The mental aspect of child procreation and career advancement need to be fully considered. Physically, advanced maternal age does carry risks to some(prenominal) mother and fetus, but medical advances have badly reduced the chances of unsuccessful pregnancy outcomes. Ment ally, women who have built successful careers are better fit to raise children in later years rather than cannonball along to bear children in early years to avoid the physical risk.In all, advanced maternal age carries risks with fertility and successful pregnancy outcomes, but as long as the woman is educated on these risks, putting off child bearing should be considered in order to foster a successful career. medical advances have decreased pregnancy risks and advanced maternal age women should take full advantage to have a balanced life filled with both career and family.ReferencesChildrens Specialists. 2007. Pregnancy over the Age of 35. San Diego Perinatal Center. Accessed on February 12, 2007 from http//childrensspecialists.com/body.cfm?id=460Top.Gosden, R. 1995. Delayed Childbearing. BMJ. Accessed on February 12, 2007 from http//www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/311/7020/1585.Hatcher, T. 2002. Careers and Babies Fertility Decline Underscores Dilemma. CNN Health whitethorn 2, 2002. Accessed on February 12, 2007 from http//archives.cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/04/30/fertility.women/index.html .

Censorship: Kay Anderson vs. Michael Moore

Is controversial documentary is or so our first amendment rights. Although, we as Americans are guaranteed the right to have freedom of speech, Kay Anderson and his allies would like to saltation who or what mess maturate the town of Orem, Utah is exposed to. Simply because Mister Anderson does not agree with the political views of Michael Moore, he wants to cast out what the whole town is allowed to hear. Utah Valley State College (UVSC) is located in Orem where Michael Moore was scheduled to speak.Since the tickets were sold to college age or older persons, one would surmise that those individuals attending would not be easily swayed by what Kay Anderson sees as the evil of Michael Moores message. Why should the general public in Orem not enjoy the same liberties that Kay Anderson does in determining who or what message they want to hear? It is as simple as if the person precious to hear Michael Moores message, they bought the ticket to his speaking engagement.Many of the colleg e age students that Mister Anderson was trying to shelter from Michael Moores message were do more curious simply because of the uproar caused by Kay Andersons shenanigans. Mister Anderson is a bully who was trying to limit the choices of others in Orem. Just because Mister Anderson might not share Michael Moores political views, why should the general cosmos of Orem have no say in whom or what they are exposed to? Bringing Sean Hannity to speak at the UVSC campus was just a way to try to placate the Mister Anderson.It did not help the money situation. It actually greet the college a little more money just paying Sean Hannitys travel expenses than paying Michael Moores speaking fee and travel expenses. In the end just because Kay Anderson and a few students disagreed with Jim Bassi and Joe Vogels conclusiveness to bring a controversial speaker to the UVSC a campus was divided. With the loss of revenue from alumni donations, the college was the one hurt in the end.

Should a Piece of Literature Be Judged on Its Literary Merits Alone, Regardless of Its Historical Context?

St purge Brust once wrote In my opinion, the right way to test a novel is this Does it give one an accurate reflection of the moods and characteristics of a grumpy group of pack in a particular place at a particular time? If so, it has value. Otherwise, it has none. (Brust, Steven. 2005. Sethra Lavode). Brust, quite clear has joined this debate regarding literary theories. He claims that if aspects of literary piece, aside from its own merits, are not hearty then it has no worth.It is continually and widely argued by critics of literary productions whether a book should be base on its literary merits alone, or if only certain aspects, such as storey, regarding its writing should be relevant. The consanguinity in the midst of hi base and literary ferment is often questioned. There are four main models that choose been devised to explain this. The first regards a piece literary work as universal and belonging to no time period. The model states that historical mise en s cene has no signifi endce in literary texts, and that both should cover autonomous from severally other.Critics are concerned with literary texts being artefacts in themselves that surpass the possibilities of a particular time, thus the idea of specific historical context is dismissed. R. S. Crane supports this view and in an essay give tongue to history is part of the general history of culture whereas writings should be imaginative works considered with reward to those qualities which can truly be said to be timeless quite apart from any familiarity of their origin or historical affiliation (Crane, Ronald. 1967. History versus Criticism in the study of literature, in The idea of the Humanities and Other Essays Critical and Historical, Vol. 2. Chicago University of Chicago Press). In short, this model centres around the stand that a literary work should be judged on its, as Crane said, timeless qualities for eccentric the look of its linguistic features and other aspects that give a work literary merits. The cooperate model regarding history and literature is based on the idea that the historical context of a literary piece helps lead to proper apprehending of it.A text is produced within a certain historical context save this should remain give out from the literary context. This model is often favoured by critics that analyse literary texts by considering their historical background and context. This can be regarded to any aspect whether it is political, cultural or linguistic. A 1934 study by Basil Willey The seventeenth Century Background Studies in the Thought of the Age in Relation to Poetry and Religion shows even by its title a support for this model.It is implied that Willey and similar critics agree that historical context forms a entry of understanding when studying a literary text. They would argue that literary work in order to be analysed must be understood and to be understood carrys to be looked at in esteem to its historical context. The third model when looking at the race between pieces of literature and history is essentially the opposite of the second. It centres on the idea that a literary piece can help us understand the time in which it is set.This is explanation talks about realist texts in particular and how they can provide seminal depictions of historical events or periods. It assumes that literary texts are almost subordinate to their historical context and they are reflections of their time. For example Keith Thomas appeals to Shakespeare to justify this point of view In Shakespeares plays, the curses pronounced by the characters invariably work not just for dramatic effect but that it as a moral necessity that the pitiable and the injured should be believed to flummox this power of retaliation when all else failed (Thomas, Keith. 971. Religion and the Decline of Magic Studies in Popular Beliefs in Sixteenth and Century England. London Wensfield and Nicolson). This model is known as t he reflective approach, it regards literary work as an aid to develop our knowledge of history using the historical context of a literary piece. The last model regarding literature and history is probably the most complex, though it is also seen as the most interesting to theorists. It claims that literary texts are connected with other discourses and this makes literature itself a part of history that is continually being written.Critics that agree with this theory, widely known as new historicists, argue that the question of the relationship between history and literature is wrong despite their differences the last three models assume that history and literature are fundamentally separate. They distinguish between the interpretations of literary texts and the transparency of history. Stephen Greenblatt writes in an essay methodological and self-aware is one of the distinguishing marks of the new historicism in cultural studies as opposed to historicism based upon faith in the tra nsparency of signs and nterpretive procedures (Greenblatt, Stephen. 1990. Towards a poetic of Culture, in Learning to Curse Essays in Early unexampled Culture. London Routledge). Hence, new historicists argue that the making of the literary texts is a cultural practice, and only differ in their specific mode. No absolute distinction can be made between literary and other cultural practices. Theorists such as Hayden White, claim that this model implies that just like literary texts the facts of history need to be read (tracing the past is similar to telling a story).In an extract from Whites book, tropics of Discourse Essays in Cultural Criticism, He writes Histories ought never to be read as unambiguous signs but rather as symbolic structures, extended metaphors, that liken the events reported in them to some form with which we have already become familiar in our literary culture By the very constitution of a set of events in such a way as to make a comprehensible story out of them , the historian changes those events with the symbolic significance of a comprehensible plot structure. (White, Hayden. 1991. Tropics of Discourse Essays in Cultural Criticism.Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press) Considering this we would come to the conclusion that methods of (critical) analysis should be suitable for both history and literary texts. In short, a new historicist perspective think that in the reading of a literary text the idea of historical context cannot be settled, and that this context is decided by a negotiation between the text and the reader Ultimately, the majority of literary theorists fall on the side that accepts the use and aid historical context when critically analysing a literary text.Only the first model seems to completely disregard historical context in literary work for the belief that a piece of literature should be timeless. The second and third model accept historical context as part of the method of analysing a literary piece. However, still confidently differentiate between literature and history, they are seen as merely aids for each other.The last model is set apart from the rest as it does not polarise the categories and treats them as to fortify subjects that cannot be considered without each other. In my opinion historical context should be relevant to the reading of literary text, it is inevitable that the two should overlap especially during an in depth analysis of a literary text.

Generalist Practice in Social Work Essay

As popularist, neighborly histrions operate from a base of various acquisitions which modify them to help someones with own(prenominal) problems, while simultaneously remaining the larger issues which argon problematic for communities or formations. Based upon the generalist Intervention Model, todays complaisant contribution player must be equipped with a readiness set that is able to orchestrate micro, mezzo and large instruction instruction transcriptions in order to effect metamorphose and address issues at each of these levels. Micro systems atomic number 18 specify as undivideds, mezzo systems represent sm only companys and macro systems atomic number 18 large organizations and communities. This defend outlines the bases of these triple argonas of practice in the form of a guide. We are shown the commonalities amongst the three systems. More principal(prenominal)ly a practical vex for initiating macro change in organizations and communities is provi ded in dot along with analysis of the precise skill set required to ordain these changes thru the macro hindrance serve well. This adjudge is innate for helping the brotherly kick the bucketer to understand how to goodly advocate for knob resources and service, by using agency skills inwardly a biotic community linguistic context.The ability to navigate from community to agency, in providing client go is the bases of achievement in spite of appearance the brotherly role player profession. Knowledge of the macro system as it pertains to the design of the agency is germaine to establishing what a amicable prole posterior and cannot accomplish for their client. Similarly community issues must be understood for the jolt that they present on the well-disposed histrions ability to perform. The load of the books political theory on generalist practitioners is that they possess a wide diverse skill set along with spatiotemporal understanding of organizational cog nitive operation, to perform as a liaison helping their clients (micro system) to benefit from the macro system. Specific all in ally, the book delineates the need for social workers to be thoroughly aware of how organizations function within the community and within towns, counties, states, the bailiwick and on the international level, to have a working framework that will enable them to help individual clients, groups, families and communities.This book seeks to address the manner of penetrationing resources and contributing to effecting change within the organization to this end. In exploring the macro systems, diverse methods of intervention are presented, from the side of how they affect the social workers ability to provide services at the community andorganizational levels. The strategies offered in the exploration of the generalist intervention representative have prove effective when utilized to present ideas involving changes at the macro level, which are based upon experiences encountered in providing micro services. This is an essential part of the social workers office, helping the agency to improve service to clients, from input gained from the social worker in actual practice. Generalist practice is an outgrowth from diachronic social worker practice, in its expansive approach which incorporates a wide knowledge of skills and captain values enabling the social worker to work across the board, in providing proper(postnominal) client services. This model represents a change in the historical practice of having practicitioners specialize in one area of practice, such(prenominal) as with individuals or administration.In employing the generalist approach the overriding benefit is that problems are now dealt with from numerous perspectives that whitethorn involve all three systems. Presenting the foundation for generalist practice the authors define knowledge, skills and values as the basic three areas ask to be assessed when evaluating a ny problem. This paradigm is further broken down into the trip to be undertaken to put the model into usage. These first harmonic critical thinking skills allow in engagement, assessment, planning, implementation, rating, termination and follow up, with room for reassessment or discontinuation of fulfil as the basis of the the generalist intervention model. Specific case histories are given as examples of how these steps can be effectively reenacted to address the wide range of problems that social workers confront. To this end, the authors target the basic requirements for social workers infallible to enacting the generalist practice as extreme flexibility, wide base of knowledge about many an separate(prenominal) aspects of life and the mastery of a range of problem solving skills that whitethorn be utilized at the micro, mezzo and macro levels. Therefore the ability to apply this knowledge, combined with professional values thru the use of recognised skills and practices , forms the basis of generalist practice.In possessing these skills, the social worker is able to work within any coat system in a wide range of professional capacities. Some of these may allow mediator, education, initiator, negotiator, advocate, and general manager, as examples. Presenting the varied percentages, necessary for the social worker to perform, the authors elucidate upon a multifariousness of topics related to professional ethics, exploring the values andmindset that the social worker needs to adapt to their professional role effectively. Special attention is given to the aspects of diversity, and how this relates particularly to populations who are at risk, where special attention needs to be given to insure that social justice is being enacted in the care for oppressed people who may have been marginalized. How these values are encoded in the NASWs code of ethics is also touched upon. In addition to discussing the enormousness of utilizing critical thinking ski lls in social work, practitioners are presented with the hierarchy of steps necessary for effecting be after change at the micro level.From the micro level, a alike(p) protocol is furnished for planned change at the macro level, which encompasses many of the same steps but utilized in an spread out version of the first model. This problem solving model is based upon The Prepare Process, which is given an in-depth treatment demonstrating how the practitioner may put this model into actual effect. Basically, the authors treat the three practices using the same fundamental process, as it is stressed that the skills acquired to work with each group, simply are expanded to incorporate the needs of the preceding groups. To this end, the book delves into the specific use of micro skills for addressing planned change at the macro level. Social worker practitioners are shown how to utilize professional converse skills such as an examination of non communicative and verbal communication patterns, in an effort to show how to initiate and deal in relationships with professional colleagues, community members, political hits and those in administrative positions. applicatory subjects such as conflict resolution and effective supervisory skills are explored in depth. In offering an over public opinion of basic communication skills call for to interact effectively at the micro level, the discussion addresses shopping center contact, listening attentively, nonverbal cues from facial expressions, body language and the conveyance of warmth and empathetic responses to convey feelings of attested concern for the clients. The impact of these nonverbal signals is explored from the context that this type of communication may have in variable multicultural applications. Many practical examples are presented enabling the social worker to learn the appropriate verbal expressions to convey the coveted sentiments. These are offered to the practitioner thru a series of vignettes , illustrating the key points discussed. Branching out into a discussion of communication as it relatesto the macro level, the authors present additional specific tools and techniques for enhancing the communication process such as clarification, encouragement, sensitivity to cultural norms, paraphrasing and reflective responding. Specific treatment of the topic of assertiveness, which encompasses aggressive communication as it is applicable to the macro context, is explored in depth.A good deal of circumstantial strategy and discussion of aspects of the role of and the resolving of conflicts are handled adroitly. Case studies are provided to help assimilate the factual teaching as it is or so often to be encountered in the field. The complex role of the supervisor is addressed, from the perspective of the most efficient means of communicating as a worker being supervised or as the one administering the supervision. A detailed analysis of the way that workers evaluate supervisors , according to their level of expectation is presented as a highlight. This important basic information on the dynamics of the supervisory role is then broken down and addresses the ideal gamut of factors that those in a supervisory position need to be cognizant of, to do their job effectively. This encompasses the educational and administrative functions that accompany the supervisors role, which acknowledge record keeping, agenda planning, and commitment to improvement of communication skills, showing enthusiasm for work activities, and engaging other employees by using a spirit of cooperation. Problems that confront those cognitive operation in a supervisory capacity are explored in detail.An exploration of the challenges that the social worker practitioner may encounter from the supervisor, as the supervised is presented with an eye toward thwarting some of the routine occurrences that lag confront in the dispensing of their duties. Some of these areas discussed in this book include misunderstood communication, addressing the supervisor who assumes credit for the work that others have produced, incompetence on the part of the supervisor and the aspect of the lazy supervisor. A series of potentiality scenarios illustrating the above aspects of supervisor to supervised conflicts requiring use of the techniques antecedently described under this heading, provide actual applications for the models suggested. Networking and the importance of utilizing this tool in the mezzo and macro practice areas, is explored in-depth. This is elaborated upon to include concepts in teamwork including effective operation as the team leader or team member. As theseapplications are most often utilise in the larger macro and mezzo contexts, detailed discussion on parliamentary procedure, along with other strategies for meeting planning and implementation are provided.Regarding networking as it relates to being an important tool for social workers, the authors goes into deta il as to how clients can gain benefits being prosecute in informal networks designed to help with their needs. These oftentimes include the church, gangs, and groups based upon friendship. Additionally, this concept has strong implications within the cultural context, as these forms of networking for support may be strongly developed within some of the core groups that the social worker provides assistance to. The authors then move into a synopsis of the macro system as it relates to working in organizations, explaining in depth the nature of organization as they function. Even for the beginning practitioner of social work, it is important to understand how social services and social agencies are formulated and work. In this regard, a lengthy discussion of the major organizational theories are addressed, which include a look at classic science based theories of management, theories of human relations, theories x,y and z, and the dynamics accounting system for cultural perspecti ves, economic perspectives and contingency plans.A lengthy description of the PREPARE and IMAGINE models for the assessment of organization or community change is presented detailing the steps necessary to enact this model at all levels. A continuation of an examination of the IMAGINE model assesses how the implementation of projects and the development of plans at the macro level may best be achieved. The model stresses the importance of adopting a positive mental framework when pursuance to undertake change in the macro system avoiding feelings of hopelessness that may be associated with the perceived comprehensiveness of the task, due to the size of the infrastructure. Specific steps are outlined so that the social worker may strategize a plan to implement a project for planned change, and examples of macro projects are provided. Related to this is The a discussion of the use of PERT charts to strategically implement planning using 5 key elements is discussed in detail, illust rating examples of this model and the put through steps required to put it into usage. Examples of these models as they are applied to current systems for change abound, with specific cases centering on sexual harassment issues, under the SHAPE model, which is presented as a programdesigned to tackle sexual harassment in large organizations.Additional examples of steps necessary to enact such a program for change at the macro level, is delineated providing the example for the introduction of similar programs addressing other areas of planned change. In looking at organizational operations the authors discuss the subject from the perspective of systems. In this regard, they relate the basic nature of organizations which encompasses the agency setting, the organizations goals, and culture and structure of the organization. get on elaboration on organizations includes a look at the larger picture or macro contact effecting the organization. The changing macro environment, effected by diminishing resources, legitimating, client sources and the need for resources and relationships with other organizations are all covered in detail. The idea of working for a bureaucracy, from the perspective of what the atmosphere is actually like, along with tips for living(a) within this environment are delved into in detail. Varying approaches to management style within a bureaucracy are contrasted and compared and, problems frequently encountered by workers within the bureaucracy are explored.The role of social workers as it relates to communities and neighborhoods is presented in great depth by the authors. It is important for the social worker to grok the needs of their clients, within the specific context of the neighborhood in which they live. Paramount is the explanation of the various types of communities and neighborhoods and how they function from the ecological point of view and as that of a social system. To this end, social stratification and the actual economic and political systems that define the community are explored as essential points of evaluation when working as a generalist seeking to nominate systemic change or to provide micro services. Elaborating, the authors maintain that it is necessary for the social worker to comprehend the dynamics and movers and shakers of a given community, understanding power as it relates to the context of community. The relationships of the community members as this translates into their role as helping networks is examined and, methods of working within these established groups are explored.Discussions defining the various types of communities, with elaboration on their function follows. Presenting the social systems model in enacting systems theory is explained, along with defining the client system, action system and target systemtheories for addressing change at the macro level. This is followed with an elaboration on the community roles in functioning as both ecological and social systems. Vari ous theories utilized in the generalist practice to access and make changes in the macro system are defined including the ecological theory, human behavior theory, and noetic theories are explored from the perspective of their impact upon the community. This is in addition to a breakdown of the major concepts that the social worker needs for greater understanding of community dynamics including competition, centralization, concentration, gentrification, invasion and succession. Finally a summary of the models needed to provide community assessment, in order to expand social services or improve the functioning of the community in the provision of resources is elaborated upon.Emphasis goes back to the generalists required skill set and tools needed to effect change at the macro level. This is handled in great detail utilizing the models previously presented in the PREPARE AND IMAGINE models, as they apply to macro practice for communities. Central to implementing these models is a b ag of the pragmatic steps that the social worker must be prepared to take in side by side(p) the PREPARE model to approach change at the community level. In summary, these critical steps include identification of the problem personal assessment of the workers macro reality establishment of major goals identification of influential community people and performance an assessment of the financial costs. They add that a go over of both the personal and professional risk along with an evaluation of the potential for successful change within the macrocosm, is also essential. The elucidation of the implementation of macro system change by using the IMAGINE models seven steps is broken down in detail. Illustrated with a case scenario, the authors shows how the various components of the model are effectively utilized in other contexts, with many highlighted examples illustrating how the model may best be put to work.When exploring the process of evaluation as it pertains to the macro pract ice, the authors demonstrate the necessity of evaluating with an eye toward demonstrating success, as this is slavish to receiving continued resources. As such, the social worker learns how to develop the correct contextual overview and provide actual definitions needed for proper evaluation. This is combined with descriptions of the purpose for the evaluation, and singling outproblems that presented during the course of evaluation representing a barrier to the achievement of the desired results. Summarizing the dynamics of the evaluation process, the discussion includes an overview of monitoring, summative, and efficiency evaluation techniques. Methods for implementing successful evaluations include discussion of both decimal and qualitative analysis, with a specific look at examples that include client satisfaction surveys, goal skill setting and target problem scaling. Providing an expanded summary of the various evaluation designs to be utilized for macro intervention, the au thors present a detailed look at sampling and measuring program effectiveness.Various forms of stochastic sampling techniques and methods of data gathering are presented with focus on using six established evaluation designs focusing on various stages in experimental designs. Specifically, the authors go into great detail on sources for bill instruments and tests, concluding with details of utilizing data analysis and the instauration of the acquired data. A targeted look at the generalists role in providing advocacy with an eye toward effecting change within the macro is analyzed from the perspective of how this can be best accomplished when dealing with populations-at-risk. Essentially, the concepts for social action, empowerment as it applies to Hispanic Americans, native Americans and Alaskan natives, women, Asian Americans, women, lesbian and gay persons and clients receiving public assistance are explained, as these groups define the at-risk population.The social workers ro le in working with these specific populations and the opportunity to provide advocacy to these groups within the macro level are explored from the perspective of a series of specific guidelines designed to help in the accomplishment of these goals. Of importance to the attainment of the above, is a look at the steps required to enact macro change through utilizing the legislative process, which is explored in great detail starting with the drafting of a bill as the initial step in legislative advocacy. This is form of macro intervention at the upper echelons of troupe and is offered as a blueprint over viewing how the process may be effectively by the generalist social worker. Other forms of political advocacy and social action are presented as alternating(a) means of goal attainment that are more complicated than convention methods. The specific dynamics of Sal Slinky in his Social Action Approach are defined, with acase history demonstrating the model in action as it relates to the homeless as an example. In presenting a discussion on the role of ethics and concepts of honourable dilemmas within the macro context, the authors present a look at the NASW Code of Ethics which elucidates six of the core values for professional social workers.At the top is service to clients, followed by social justice and individual dignity, human relationships, competence and integrity are also reviewed in detail as to how these concepts effect ethics within macro practice. They describe how working within the macro environment may expose the social worker to uncover laws and policies that may pose a conflict of interest to the ethics platform that has been enacted as a model for providing care, as professional values are part of the basic foundation. A detailed analysis of the application of the code of ethics within actual practice, is provided, and covers areas that include self determination, informed consent, competence, social diversity and cultural competence, confli ct of interest and confidentiality and the issue of privacy. Additionally, other pragmatic issues under this heading discussed include access to records, sexual relationships, physical contact, sexual harassment, derogatory language, and payment for services.All of these categories have great impact upon the functioning of the social worker and their ability to interact effectively with clientele. Similarly, the ethical responsibilities governing social workers interaction with colleagues involves many of the same components and includes a review of sexual relationships and harassment, referral for client services, consultations, colleague disputes, respect, interdisciplinary collaborations and confidentiality issues such as impairment or colleague incompetence and reporting unethical behavior. The application of the tenets of the code as it relates to the social worker in practice is explained, from the perspectives of billing, client transfer and records, administration, evaluati ng performance, continuing education and development of staff, employee commitment and disputes between labor and management. Ethical considerations that the social worker must maintain, when considering their role as a professional are defined and include competence, discrimination, private conduct, deception, dishonesty and fraud, impairment, solicitations, misrepresentation and the acknowledgement of credit for work done.The discussion on ethic concludes with a look at the aspect of ethical conductaffecting the social workers reponsibitly to the social work profession as well as to society at large. This subject is treated from the context of personal values, and we are given a look at the types of ethical issue that the social worker is likely to confront. This is presented along with a synthesis of the ethical absolutism approach comparing it to ethical relativism as a model. Specific examples on handling ethical dilemmas are provided as the principles involved in be ethical p erspectives are reviewed, which includes a study of the specifics as it presented in Liebenberg and Logoffs Ethical Principles Screen outlining the hierarch of ethical rights. As there are bound to be stumbling blocks involved with the application of ethics within the macro context, the dilemmas that the social worker may confront me this regard are handled in depth. The challenges for the social worker, engaged in working with the judicatorys, are detailed with special emphasis on the key terms employ to explain courtroom processes.Differences in the application of social work and courtroom protocol are defined, in addition to presenting a plan outlining how the social worker can best prepare to testify in the courtroom. A basic explanation of the adjudication process is consolidated, but specific address to the various cross-examination strategies utilizing is presented in wellbeing protective services cases. The role of the social worker in court is explained and highlights in clude an actual court petition for removal of a child from the mothers residence is the case example presented, in order to see how these concepts would apply to events likely to be encountered at some point in the professional social workers career. Special attention is given to juvenile court process as this is a specific area in which the social worker will ultimately gain much(prenominal) familiarity. The management of agency resources is explored from several different perspectives including working with the media and building effective media relations.General guidelines for achieving harmonious and adept relations with the media are presented in a 10 point program detailing the basics of effective media communications. Pragmatic applications of technology, asset relates to computer programs and software are explored, offering new concepts in the management of information systems and how these effect the services offered in generalist practice. Fund raising principles and the various applications of techniques designed to solicit resources are offered from the manydifferent perspectives that these tools may be employed to raise resources. Specific examples of fund raising that may be effectively enacted include direct solicitation, benefits and variations, individual donors, creating an organization with this purpose and seeking out group giving. The procurement of contributes and contracts are treated separately as this source of funding for social work programs is a favored means of adding resources necessary to enact macro change.Business grants, foundation grants and government grants are defined as separate entities, and the basic principles needed to navigate through these areas are provided. The how tops of grant application are succinctly covered, allowing the social worker to grasp the actual steps necessary to enact this form of funding thru traditional grant proposal writing. Several in-depth examples illustrating various components of the g rant proposal process are offered, with specific case histories utilized to illustrate how these techniques have been successfully applied in the past. Addressing personal issues that the social worker needs to address in order to function effectively in their capacity, include a discussion of stress management from the perspective of the General Adaptation Syndrome.Looking at the instauration of stressors within the agency context, the authors discuss the psychological, physiological and behavioral problems resulting from stress, with a look at numerous techniques that may be employed for effective stress management. Exploring variations in personal style that are utilized to competitiveness stress, along with an analysis of the effects of time management as they play into the paradigm are offered. Practical suggestions for setting priority and realistic goals focusing on time management are offered along with specific techniques to be used in the management of time.Finally, the authors present concise information for the social worker as it pertains to the attainment of personal professional goals, focusing on the resume, interviewing skills and getting a job. The practical information is gear toward helping the social worker assess their capabilities and areas of interests, as it relates to the type of employment being sought. Presentation of the abilities, in the format of the resume are offered in detail with comprehensive tools and techniques for making a positive presentation being explored in detail. Resources for locating jobs that match the defined objectives and preferences for a career are offered and include a look at newspapers, NASW publications, networkingand state merit system lists.